Lectures winter term 2022/2023
PATHOBIOCHEMISTRY 2 - Molecular oncology
5th-8th week
Lectures are held on Monday 16:15 to 17:45 in the Lecture hall 1.26, U nemocnice 4 and Friday from 16:15 to 17:45 in the Cori lecture hall, U nemocnice 5
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5th week Monday 31.10. |
Mechanisms of tumor disease formation (physical, chemical and viral carcinogenesis) |
Physical factors participating in tumor induction a) effect of UV radiation b) effect of ionising radiation c) participating of other physical factors - foreign bodies, chronical mechanic injure etc Chemical carcinogenesis a) types of chemical carcinogenes b) mechanisms of chemical carcinogen action Viral carcinogenesis a) DNA oncogenic viruses - mechanisms of tumor disease induction b) RNA oncogenic viruses * induction of primary hepatomas with HCV * retroviruses and tumor diseases |
doc.MUDr. J. Křemen, CSc. |
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Friday 4.11. |
Pathobiochemistry of tumorigenesis (pathobiochemistry of malignant transformation)
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What is malignant tumor, genetics and epigenetics. Defects in cellular maturation and differentiation, cancer stem cells. Immortalization, role of telomeres. Malignant transformation, disturbances in signal transduction pathways resulting in malignant transformation, role of failure in signaling pathways regulating cellular proliferation (RTKs, cytokine receptors, Wnt signalization, Rb), apoptosis (DRs, caspases, mitochondria-associated factors), and DNA-repair pathways (HNEJ, HR, MMR). |
prof.MUDr.A.Šedo, Dr.Sc |
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6th week Monday 7.11. |
Principles of cancer progression (regulation of angiogenesis, formation of metastases). |
Tumor heterogeneity and its origin (clonal evolution, cancer stem cells). Tumour microenvironment and its role in cancerogenesis. Types and molecular mechanisms of neovascularization (with the emphasis on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis), characteristics of tumor vessels. Regulators of neovascularization, VEGF. Metastatic cascade, EMT, invasion strategies, infiltration and colonization of target organs. Angiogenesis and metastasis as possible therapeutic targets |
doc. MUDr. P.Bušek, Ph.D |
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Friday 11.11. |
DNA-based Diagnostics in Oncology
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Molecular diagnostics of hereditary cancer syndromes. Inherited gene mutations, single base-pair substitutions, short gene deletions, small insertions, large genomic rearrangements. The analysis of mutations in inherited predispositions to cancer (PCR, HRM, Sanger sequencing, MLPA, next gen sequencing). Sporadic cancers, types of somatic mutations. large-scale mutations, gene amplifications, deletions of large chromosomal regions, chromosomal translocations and their analysis. Microsatellite instability in human tumors and detection. Minimal residual disease and detection. |
doc.Mgr.J.Šána,Ph.D. |
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7th week Monday 14.11. |
Biomarkers of cancer diseases
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Definition of cancer biomarkers; sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers; classification of biomarkers according to their biochemical structure and function, and their site of production and localization: tumour specific and organ specific biomarkers, intracellular and secretory biomarkers; clinical application and interpretation of cancer biomarkers detection and quantitation: risk assessment of tumour development, screening and diagnosis of tumours, differential diagnosis of tumours, decision making on anticancer therapy selection and monitoring of treatment efficacy, detection of residual cancer disease and tumour recurrence after therapy, prognosis prediction of cancer disease. |
MUDr.I.Melezínek, CSc. |
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Friday 18.11. |
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| 8th week Monday 21.11. |
Signal transduction ellements as therapeutic targets |
Therapeutic concepts in oncology. Targeted therapy. Growth inhibition: inhibitors of tyrosinkinases and Ras mediated signaling. Induction of apoptosis: "Death" receptors, inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins and HSPs. Inhibition of the "self-renewal": Notch. Wnt, Hedgehog. Stroma targeted therapy: inhibition of neovascularization, invasion and metastasizi. Biological therapy | MUDr. I. Melezínek, CSc |
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8th week Friday 25.11.
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Biochemical principles of anti-cancer treatment
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Purpose and types of anti-cancer treatment. Chemotherapy, cytostatics: Alkylating agents, Anti-metabolites, Plant-alkaloides, Topoisomerase inhibitors, Antitumour antibiotics, Miscellanous agents. Hormonal therapy. Immunotherapy. Targeted therapy. Radiation therapy | MUDr. I. Melezínek, CSc |
8.9.2022
Prof. MUDr. Aleksi Šedo,DrSc.
Head of the Inst.of Biochemistry and Exp.Oncology