LECTURES
WEEK LECTURER |
TOPIC |
ANNOTATION: |
1.week 21.2.-25.2.A prof.MUDr.Z.Kleibl, Ph.D.
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Introduction to Molecular Biology (Biochemistry Information) |
The central dogma of molecular biology. Relation of structure and function of nucleic acids. Viruses, pro- and eukaryotes. Definition of –„omas“. Significance and position of molecular biology in medicine. |
1.week BRNDr. M. Janatová, Ph.D. |
Structure and function of nucleic acids, types of RNA molecules. |
Nucleic acids – structure and physicochemical properties of nucleic acids. Types of nucleic acids and their functions. |
2.week 28.2.-4.3.Adoc.MUDr.J.Křemen,CSc |
Organization of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and mitochondrial genomes; structure of chromatin |
Structure and organization of genomes. Prokaryotic cell, prokaryotic genome - nucleoid - structure and organization, - plasmids, - episomes. Eukaryotic cells. - nucleus - prokaryotic genome - structure and organization of chromatin, nucleosomes, types of repetitive sequences. Mitochondrial genome. |
2.week B
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Replication of DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Recombination of DNA and its types. Transposition of DNA. |
Replication of DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells – types of DNA-polymerases, mechanisms and stages of DNA replication. Recombination of DNA and its types. Transposition of DNA. |
3.week 7.3.-11.3.AMgr.J.Ševčík, Ph.D.
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Mutations and their origin and effects. Mutagens and carcinogens. |
Definition of mutations; gen, chromosomal, and genomic mutations; causes and frequency of mutations: spontaneous, induced, random, targeted; gametic and somatic mutations; mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA; phenotypic expression of mutations: vital, lethal, dominant, recessive, effects of mutations: on transcription and posttranscriptional RNA processing, on protein synthesis and protein structure, post-translational processing and protein function; mutagenesis and mutagens, carcinogens. |
3.week BMgr.J.Ševčík, Ph.D. |
DNA repair.
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Introduction of DNA repair mechanisms: Nucleotide excision repair (NER); Base excisione repair (BER); Mismatch repair (MMR); repair of single-strand breaks and inter-strand crosslinks: homologous recombination (HR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The role of repair genes and their protein products; constitutional and somatic changes in DNA repair genes and their importance in medicine
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4. week 14.3.-18.3.ARNDr. M. Janatová, Ph.D. |
RNA biosynthesis - DNA transcription, modification of the primary transcript in pro and eukaryotes, alternative splicing. Transport and degradation of RNA in eukaryotes.
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Biosynthesis of RNA - DNA transcription in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Modification of primary transcript in prokaryotes and eukaryotes - cap formation, polyadenylation, alternative splicing, splicesom. Transport of RNA and its degradation in eukaryotes. |
4.week BRNDr. J. Soukupová Ph.D. |
Translations, prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation inhibitors. Folding of proteins, chaperons. Post-translational modifications of proteins 1. |
Proteosynthesis and its components, translation in prokaryotes. The properties of the genetic code and its reading. Principles of proteosynthesis, role of transfer RNAs in amino acid activation and reading of genetic code, translation of prokaryotic mRNA, composition and significance of ribosomes. Formylmethionine and initiation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes, elongation and termination of the synthesized polypeptide, role of translational factors. Synthesis of protein in the eukaryotic cell, stages of proteosynthesis in eukaryotes, recognition of the initiation codon and initiation of translation; translation of eukaryotic mRNA - function of cap and polyA segments. Inhibitors of pro-and eukaryotic translations, antibiotics that specifically affect protein synthesis. Regulation of eukaryotic translation, role of protein kinases, degradation of mRNA. Folding of newly synthesized proteins, the role of chaperons. Post-translational modifications of N- and C-terminus of proteins, proteolytic modification of proteins. |
5.week 21.-25.3.ARNDr. J. Soukupová Ph.D. |
Posttranslational covalent modifications of proteins 2. Sorting and transport of proteins to individual organelles, secretory proteins. |
Covalent posttranslational modifications of the amino acid side chains. Classification and vesicular transport of proteins to individual subcellular organelles, secretory proteins. Signal sequences, ribosomes bound to membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, synthesis of secretory and membrane proteins, glycosylation of proteins in the Golgi complex and their sorting for transport to lysosomes, secretory granules and cytoplasma membranes. Cysoplasmic ribosomes and synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins and proteins transported into mitochondria and nucleus, proteins carrying a mitochondrial or nuclear localization signal. Ubiquitin proteasome system |
5.weekBprof.MUDr.Z.Kleibl, Ph.D. |
Regulation of gene expression.
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Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes, operon, operator, promoter, repressor. Polycistronic vs. monocistronic regulation. Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes, cis- and trans-regulatory elements. Transcription factors. Promoters, enhancers, silencers. Higher levels of regulation of gene expression, histone code, RNAi. |
6.week 28.3.-1.4.Adoc. MUDr.P.Bušek, Ph.D.
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Structure and functions of biological membranes, cellular junctions.
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Composition and structure of biomembranes: lipids and biomembrane proteins. Asymmetry of biomembranes, flip-flop membrane lipids. Fluid-mosaic model of biomembranes, lipid rafts, membrane biogenesis. Transport of molecules and ions through biomembranes: passive and facilitated diffusion, active transport, symport and antiport, ion channels and ionophores, pores, exocytosis and endocytosis. Molecular structure and function of cell connections: tight junctions, adhesive junctions, canal junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, focal adhesion |
6.týden BMgr.Lucie Stollinová Šromová, Ph.D. |
Compartmentalization of the cell, structure and function of cell organelles, vesicular transport.
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Subcellular compartmentalization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and its significance. Cellular organelles and their biochemical functions: nucleus, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes, transport vesicles, mitochondria, cytosol and cytoskeleton, plasma membrane. Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways. Vesicular transport in cells, its mechanism and significance. |
7.week 4.4.-8.4Adoc.MUDr.J.Křemen,CSc. |
Structure, replication and folding of viruses.
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General characteristics of viruses: signs of virus viability and non-viability. Criteria of virus definition: viral particle = virion; type of nucleic acid molecule (NA); strict intracellular parasitism; virus interactions and host cells. Virus size and shape. Structure of viruses (Gom; Nucleocapsid or core; capsids; capsomers; naked viruses; envelopes - enveloped viruses). Virus classification: by type of viral genome nucleic acid; by host type: bacteriophages; mycophagy; animal viruses; viroids; prions. Retroviruses and pararetroviruses. The life cycle of DNA and RNA viruses: life cycle stages of animal viruses (adsorption, penetration, replication - early and late phases). Creation and maturation of the virus. Release the virus from the host cell. Pathogenicity of viruses.
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7.week Bprof. MUDr. A. Šedo, DrSc
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Mechanisms of signal transduction 1
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General characteristics of intercellular communication and intracellular signaling transduction cascades. Relation of concepts of signal, ligand, prereceptor events, receptor types, ligand - receptor interactions.
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8.week 11.4.-15.4.Aprof. MUDr. A. Šedo, DrSc |
Mechanisms of signal transduction 2
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Post-receptor events, heterotrimeric G proteins. cAMP and Ca2+ as second messengers. Transmission and propagation of the signal in the cytoplasm and into the cell nucleus. Signal molecules of lipid nature. Interaction of cAMP-dependent and intracellular Ca2+ -dependent signal pathways. Clinical aspects of cAMP-dependent and Ca2+ -dependent signaling pathways, signaling through NO-therapeutic targets, significance in pathogenesis of some diseases.
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8.týden Bprof. MUDr. A. Šedo, DrSc14.4. Dean´s day |
Mechanisms of signal transduction 3
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Signal transduction via receptors with intrinsic and/or associated enzyme activity. Signal pathways of growth factors and cytokines: differences in similarity. Products of oncogenes as signal pathway molecules. Examples of crossing, sharing, and interactions of signal path. The biological significance of signaling pathways using tyrosine kinase activity - proliferation, stress, survival, therapeutic targets, consequences of functional disorders of the participating molecules. Signaling pathways dependent on proteolysis: Notch, wnt, hedgehog - how they work, what events they signal, and what cell responses they generate. Protease activated receptors - relationship to pathogenesis of some diseases.
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9.week 18. 4.-22.4.A prof.MUDr.Z.Kleibl, Ph.D.
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Cell cycle
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What is the cell cycle. Growth and chromosomal cell cycle. Intra- and extracellular conditions for its successful course. Cell cycle phases. Cell cycle biochemistry (cyclins, CDK, CKI, CAK). Cell cycle control, restriction sites and the role of Rb protein, APC and MPF multiprotein complexes. Division of cellular organelles.
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9.week Bprof.MUDr.Z.Kleibl, Ph.D. |
Apoptosis
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What is and what is not an apoptosis. Morphological manifestations of apoptosis and their correlation at the level of biochemical processes. Initiation, control and effector phases of apoptosis. Biochemistry of apoptosis, extrinsic pathway (DISC), intrinsic pathway (apoptosis), effector (caspase, PARP) and regulatory (Bcl-2 family) molecules. |
10.week 25.4.-29.4.Aprof. MUDr. A. Šedo, DrSc
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Biochemistry of peptide and protein hormones and thyroid hormones
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Biosynthesis, activation, secretion, transport, receptors, inactivation and degradation of peptide, protein and thyroid hormones. Hormonal management system, hypothalamus-pituitary-peripheral endocrine gland.
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10.week Bprof.MUDr.Z.Kleibl, Ph.D.
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Hormones and signaling pathways affecting energy metabolism. EL-Link 2022
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Control of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in terms of energetic metabolism. Hormones and signaling pathways affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Insulin, glucagon. Coordination of systemic (hormonal) and local (allosteric) regulation in metabolism of nutrients. |
11. week 2.5.-6.5.A doc. MUDr.J. Křemen. CSc.
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Xenobiochemistry
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Fundamentals of xenobiochemistry - biotransformation. Definition of xenobiotics, entrance gates of xenobiotics, phase I - cytochrome P450 family, II. phase - biotransformation of some organic substances, effects of some inorganic substances, biotransformation disorders and their consequences. Toxic and carcinogenic substances in the environment. Toxicity of CO, cyanides, methanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol, organophosphates.
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11.week B
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Biochemistry of liver. EL-Link 2022
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Liver biochemistry: Overview of functional anatomy and liver histology. Biochemical functions of the liver. Liver metabolism – biochemistry of liver functions. Overview of metabolic functions - connection to cellular structures and metabolic zones of liver lobe. Biotransformation processes and role of cytochrome P450. Hepatobiliary functions - creation, composition, secretion and function of bile. Overview of hepatobiliary disorders. |
12. week 9.5-13.5.A doc. MUDr.P.Bušek, Ph.D.11.5. Rector´s day |
Biochemistry of blood and hemocoagulation.
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Blood composition and function, plasma proteins, erythrocyte metabolism. Hemoglobin, O2 and CO2 transport. Synthesis of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes and its role. Carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin, hemoglobinopathies. Mechanism and regulation of hemocoagulation and fibrinolysis, biochemical functions of blood platelets |
12.week BMUDr.E.Balážiová, Ph.D.
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Biochemistry of muscle contratction.
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Proteins of contractile aparatus - actin, myosin - structure and function. Regulatory proteins - tropomyosin, troponin complex. Mechanism of muscle contraction, model of gliding myofilament. Regulation of muscle contraction. Differences between skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles. Movements and functions of calcium ions. Other muscle tissue proteins and their functions: α-actinin, titin, nebulin, caldesmon, desmin, dystrophin, calcineurin. Actin and myosin in non-muscle cells. Molecular motors - myosin V, kinesins, dyneins - their function and significance.
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13.week 16.5.-20.5.A doc.MUDr. P. Bušek, Ph.D. |
Humoral immunity
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Structure and synthesis of antibodies. Classification of immunoglobulins according to their molecular structure and determinant. Molecular anatomy: Structure and function of immunoglobulin domains. Dual specificity of antibodies: relationship to antigen and relationship to biological / physiological consequences of antigen-antibody interaction. Properties and functions of individual immunoglobulin classes. Basic of molecular diversity of antibodies, somatic recombination, hypermutation, active regrouping of gene fragments, isotype rearrangement, etc. Clonal selection, primary and secondary response. Monoclonal antibodies - preparation, utilization. Basic immunomethods |
13.weekBdoc.MUDr. P. Bušek, Ph.D. |
Cellular immunity
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Molecular bases of cellular immunity. Receptors, antigens and enzymes important for phagocytosis. T cell subpopulations, effector mechanisms. T receptors and their functional context. Molecular background of interactions of cell subpopulations during cell-mediated immunity processes. HLA system, presentation of antigens |
14.week 23.5.-27.5.AMUDr.E.Balážiová, Ph.D. |
Biochemistry of neuronal tissue and senses.
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Chemical synapse. Neurotransmitters (NT) - definition and classification. Biosynthesis, release and termination of neurotransmitter effects on cholinergic, catecholaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic and peptidergic synapses. Ionotropic and metabotropic NT receptors. Examples of triggering events due to activation of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Biochemistry of senses: vision - mechanism and importance of the opsin and retinoid cycle; smell - mechanism of olfactive perception; taste - mechanism of taste perception.
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14.week BMUDr.I.Melezínek,CSc. |
Biochemistry of connective tissue and skin.
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Characteristics of cellular components and extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues. Molecular components of ECM: structural proteins, adhesive glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Structure, biosynthesis and maturation of collagens and collagen degradation. Classification of collagen. Bone chemistry: major proteins and proteoglycans and inorganic bone components, regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in ossification and bone resorption. Cartilage biochemistry: main proteins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans of cartilage and their function. Skin biochemistry: the major epidermis proteins, the composition and function of the epidermal permeable barrier. Biosynthesis of vitamin D3 precursor. Melanin biosynthesis. Main proteins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans dermis. The composition of sweat of the ecrine glands.
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SEMINARS AND PRACTICAL LESSONS
Seminars are held on Mondays and Fridays from 14.15 to 15.45 in the Cori Lecture Hall, U Nemocnice 5
Practical lessons are held every Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday from 14.15 to 17.15 at the Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology ,U Nemocnice 5
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1.week 21.2.-25.2. |
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MUDr. M. Zubal |
Determination of uric acid / Overview of pyrimidine and purine nucleotide metabolism disorders, hyperuricemia. Inhibitors of biosynthesis and their medical use. EL-Link |
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2.week 28.2.-4.3. |
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prof. MUDr. Z. Kleibl., Ph.D. |
Introductory week of the Molecular biology block. The importance of molecular biology in medicine. Approach to studying genetic information. Types of mutations. Molecular biology practice overview: DPD biology, signifikance and importance of mutations analysis in DPYD gene for determination of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-associated toxicity. EL-Link |
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3.week 7.3.-11.3. |
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Isolation of genetic material from buccal mucous membrane. Determination of isolated DNA concentration. Fractionation of cells, isolation and purification of genetic material. Characterization and quantification of DNA. Properties of DNA / RNA. EL-Link |
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4.week 14.3.-18.3. |
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Electrophoresis of isolated DNA. Amplification of the regions comprising the intron 10, exon 13 and exon 14 of the DPYD gene by PCR. / PCR and its modifications (RT-PCR, qPCR)
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5.week 21.3.-25.3.
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RNDr. M. Janatová, Ph.D.
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Concluding seminar - structure and function of nucleic acids, types of RNA, organization of genome, structure of chromatin. |
Electrophoresis of all PCR products. Restriction analysis of PCR products with intron 10 and exon 14 of the DPYD gene. Restriction enzymes and their usage (restriction analysis, DNA cloning). EL-Link |
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6.week 28.3.-1.4. |
prof. MUDr. Z. Kleibl., Ph.D. |
Concluding seminar: Regulation of gene expression, RNA interference, micro RNA.
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Electrophoresis of restriction analysis. Preparation of the sequencing reaction of DPYD Exon 13. / Sanger sequencing and evaluation of sequencing chromatogra
EL-Link |
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7.week 4.4.-8.4.
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Mgr. P. Zemánková, Ph.D.
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Seminar: Next Generation sequencing EL-Link EL-Link 2022 |
Electrophoresis of restriction analysis. Preparation of the sequencing reaction of DPYD Exon 13. / Sanger sequencing and evaluation of sequencing chromatograms. Control test
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8.week 11.4.-15.4.
14.4. Dean´s day 15.4. Bank Holidays
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Evaluation of sequencing chromatograms and restriction analyzes, relationship of detected genotypes to 5FU toxicity.
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9.week 18.4.-22.4. 18.4. Easter Monday |
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doc.MUDr.P. Bušek, Ph.D.
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Transmembrane transport (proton pump, Wilson's disease, cystic fibrosis). Protein folding, ubiquitin proteasome system (misfolding diseases, chaperons, ubiquitin-proteasome system defects-VHL, HPV induced carcinogenesis).
Instructions for preparation for practical lessons– signaling EL-Link |
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10.week 25.4-29.4.
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MUDr. M. Hilšer, Ph.D. |
Membrane receptors and their signaling. Cytokines and growth factors (erythropoietin, insulin, VEGF, EGF). Inborn and acquired defects of signaling molecules and tumor diseases.
Instructions for preparation for practical lessons– signaling EL-Link |
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11.week 2.5.-6.5.
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Mgr.M.Houdová, Ph.D.
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Concluding seminar – signalization.
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Glycemia / significance of glucose tolerance test and glycated hemoglobin.
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12.week 9.5.-13.5. |
doc. MUDr. J. Křemen,CSc.
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Concluding seminar – overview of the regulation of energetic metabolism
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Xenobiochemistry. Detection of ethanol in expired breath. Detection of drugs in urine / Overview of biotransformation mechanisms.
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13.week 16.5.-20.5.
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MUDr. Z. Vaníčková
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The clinical significance of urine and urinary sediment analysis in diagnostics
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Markers of muscle tissue: lactate dehydrogenases, aminotransferases, creatinkinase / Biochemical diagnosis of myocardial infarction. The importance of determination of muscle tissue markers in clinical diagnostics. |
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14.week 23.5.-27.5. |
doc MUDr. P. Bušek Ph.D. |
Overview of immunological methods - monoclonal antibodies - preparation and usage. Basic immunochemical methods - immunoturbidimetry, ELISA, RIA.
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Mgr. Lucie Stollinová Šromová Ph.D.
MUDr. T. Šváblová
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Creatinine clearence.
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15.week |
Credit |
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Attendance in lectures is recommendable, the attendance in practical lessons and seminars is obligatory.
Students are also required to wear his/her Student´ID Card on a visible place.
1.2.2022
Prof. MUDr. Aleksi Šedo, DrSc.
Head of the Inst. of Biochemistry and Exp.Oncology